1.0 Introduction: The Unshakeable Pillar of Monotheism The absolute oneness of God is the bedrock of Islam. It is the first and most fundamental principle, a concept understood as the unshakeable pillar upon which the entire faith rests. This core doctrine of monotheism—that God is a single, indivisible being—is universally accepted and central to Muslim identity. But what if a leading Islamic thinker, navigating the metaphysical tightrope of a high-stakes debate, made an argument that seemed to splinter that divine oneness into dozens of separate realities? This is precisely the scenario that unfolded in a recent discussion concerning the 99 ontologies, leading to a cascade of contradictions that has shocked many observers. This post will explore three key takeaways from a debate that raised profound and uncomfortable questions about the nature of God in Islamic philosophy. 2.0 Takeaway 1: The 99 Ontologies Admission and Multiple Realities The discussion featured “Jake…    read more